How does a switch differ from a hub when connecting network components?

A switch differs from a hub primarily in its ability to manage and direct data traffic within a network. A switch can filter and forward data packets based on their MAC addresses, allowing it to send data only to the intended recipient rather than broadcasting it to all connected devices as a hub does. This targeted approach enhances network efficiency and security by reducing unnecessary data collisions and improving overall performance. Each port on a switch can communicate simultaneously with the devices connected to it, enabling better use of bandwidth.

In contrast, hubs are simpler devices that operate on a more basic principle of broadcasting incoming data to all ports, regardless of the intended recipient. This means that all devices receive the same data, which can lead to congestion and reduced network efficiency. Thus, the ability of a switch to intelligently route traffic makes it a superior choice in most network configurations compared to a hub.