How does two-factor authentication enhance security?

Two-factor authentication enhances security by requiring two forms of identification before access is granted. This method significantly adds a layer of protection compared to traditional password-only systems. When a user attempts to access an account, they must provide not just their password, but also a second factor, which could be a code sent to their smartphone, an authentication app, or a fingerprint scan. This dual requirement ensures that even if a password is compromised, unauthorized access is still prevented unless the second factor is also obtained.

This approach helps defend against many common security threats, such as phishing attacks or password theft, as it creates added difficulty for attackers who may gain access to just one of the authentication methods. Consequently, the combination of something the user knows (like a password) and something the user has (like a mobile device) dramatically increases the overall security of the account.