What is multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security process that enhances the protection of user accounts by requiring multiple forms of verification from the user before access is granted. This typically involves a combination of something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (such as a smartphone or security token), or something the user is (biometric data like fingerprints or facial recognition). By implementing multiple layers of verification, MFA significantly reduces the likelihood of unauthorized access compared to relying solely on a single method of verification, such as just a password.

The other options do not accurately define multi-factor authentication. Using biometric data alone would be a single factor, not multiple, while tracking online activity is unrelated to authentication processes. Password recovery features also do not encompass the multi-factor aspect required for secure authentication. Thus, understanding MFA is crucial for protecting sensitive information in digital environments.