What is the primary function of a protocol in networking?

The primary function of a protocol in networking is to establish rules for communication between devices. Protocols define the standards, formats, and procedures that devices must follow to successfully exchange data over a network. By having a set of established rules, devices can understand each other's signals and interpret the data they receive correctly. This ensures that data can be sent and received reliably across different devices, regardless of their underlying hardware or software configurations.

For instance, protocols such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and FTP dictate how data packets are formatted, transmitted, and received, enabling seamless communication on the internet and other networks. Understanding protocols is fundamental to networking because they are the blueprint that allows diverse systems to work together effectively.